What is gender inequality?

Gender inequality remains one of the most pressing social issues globally. Understanding it is the first step toward addressing it and working together to create a fairer society for everyone.

What is gender inequality?

Gender inequality refers to the unequal treatment, or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It often arises from entrenched societal norms, traditions and structures that prioritise one gender over another and can be caused by gender discrimination or sexism. 

This imbalance can manifest in various ways, from pay gaps and unequal access to education opportunities to differences in political representation and societal expectations. For example, girls and women may face barriers to attending school, working for a living or advancing their careers, while men may encounter societal pressures to conform to specific roles.

Gender equality is a fundamental human right. All individuals, regardless of their gender or sex, have the right to equal opportunities, treatment and access to resources in every aspect of life.

What are the causes of gender inequality?

Understanding the root cause of gender inequality is crucial to addressing it effectively. 

Cultural and social norms

Traditional gender roles often dictate what is considered "appropriate" for men and women. These roles can limit opportunities for individuals to pursue careers, education, or personal interests that don't align with what society thinks or expects.

Lack of education

Education is a powerful tool for empowerment. Yet, in many parts of the world, girls are denied access to education because of poverty, cultural practices or safety concerns, perpetuating a cycle of inequality.

Economic disparities

Women are often paid less than men for the same work and are underrepresented in high-paying industries and leadership roles. This economic gap limits their independence and decision-making power.

Legal and political barriers

In some countries, laws and policies directly or indirectly discriminate against women and marginalised people, preventing them from owning property, accessing healthcare or participating fully in society.

Violence and harassment

Gender-based violence, including domestic abuse, sexual harassment and exploitation, creates an environment of fear and control, further entrenching inequality.

What are the effects of gender inequality?

The consequences of gender inequality are far-reaching and impact individuals, families, communities and nations.

Economic consequences

Gender inequality limits economic growth. When half of the population cannot contribute fully to the economy, it hampers innovation, productivity and overall development.

Social inequality

Inequality fosters division within societies, creating barriers to unity and progress. Discriminatory practices can also perpetuate cycles of poverty and marginalisation.

Limited or lack of access to healthcare

Women and marginalised people often have less access to healthcare services, which can lead to a higher risk of chronic diseases, disabilities or malnutrition.

Psychological impact

Facing discrimination and limited opportunities can lead to mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression and low self-esteem.

Intergenerational effects

Gender inequality affects future generations. For instance, when girls are denied education, their children are more likely to experience poverty and limited opportunities.

What can we do to tackle gender inequality?

Gender inequality doesn't just hurt individuals; it holds back entire societies. Research shows that when women and men are treated equally, economies grow stronger, communities thrive, children are healthier and everyone benefits. 

Achieving gender equality requires collective effort from individuals, organisations and governments. Here are some steps we can take.

Promote education

Ensuring equal access to education for girls and boys is one of the most effective ways to break the cycle of inequality. Educated individuals are better equipped to advocate for their rights and contribute to society.

Enforce equal pay and opportunities

Globally, over two billion women still don’t have the same employment opportunities as men. Campaigning and supporting policies ensures equal pay for equal work and actively works to close gender gaps in leadership and employment.

Challenge gender stereotypes

Individuals can play a role by challenging traditional gender roles and encouraging open conversations about equality in families, schools and workplaces.

Support women in leadership

Encouraging women to take on leadership roles in politics, business, and other sectors can inspire change and create more inclusive decision-making processes.

End gender-based violence

Governments and communities must take strong measures to prevent violence and provide support for survivors. Raising awareness and addressing the root causes of violence are key steps.

Advocate for legal reforms

Where discriminatory laws exist, advocacy and activism can push for change, ensuring that all individuals have equal rights and protections under the law.

Educate and engage men and boys

Gender equality is not just a women’s issue; it requires the active participation of men and boys. Educating them about the benefits of equality and their role in achieving it is essential.

Help SCIAF tackle gender inequality

We work in many of the world’s poorest countries to tackle both the causes and consequences of gender inequality. By donating or supporting SCIAF, we can continue to work to break down gender barriers, promote equal relationships between men and women and tackle violence against women.